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The Scientific Backing
Research List
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Zakay-Rones
et al - 1995
Reduced symptoms (fever, headache, nasal congestion) by 4 days compared to placebo; inhibited influenza B virus replication in vitro.
Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. J Altern Complement Med. 1995;1(4):361-369. Source Link
Zakay-Rones
t al - 2004
Reduced influenza A/B symptom duration by 4 days and severity (e.g., fever, cough) compared to placebo; safe with no adverse effects.
Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Int Med Res. 2004;32(2):132-140. Source Link
Tiralongo
et al - 2006
Reduced cold episode duration by 2 days and severity of symptoms (e.g., runny nose, congestion) compared to placebo; improved physical health outcomes.
Elderberry supplementation reduces cold duration and symptoms in air-travellers: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrients. 2016;8(4):182. Source Link
Hawkins
et al - 2019
Substantially reduced upper respiratory symptom duration (effect size 1.717) and severity; effective for influenza-like illnesses regardless of vaccination status.
Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:361-365. Source Link
Wieland
et al 2021
Reduced duration and severity of colds and influenza; no evidence of immune overstimulation; safe option for viral respiratory illnesses.
Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: a systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21(1):112. Source Link
Ciocoiu et al, 2012a, 2012b, 2010, Morosanu et al 2011
Results of many studies suggest beneficial effects of the elderberry components on blood pressure, reduction in oxidative stress, increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood plasma, including glutathione (GSH), and the reduction of uric acid (UA) levels
Ciocoiu et al, 2012a, Ciocoiu et al, 2012b, Ciocoiu et al, 2010, Moroşanu et al, 2011. Source Link